IBPS CWE PO STUDY MATERIAL REASONING FOR STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS
statement and assumption !!
Today We will discuss Some Tricks and rules for logical reasoning based on Statement and Assumption.rest of the topic will be discussed later. Question of this type have become regular feature of all competative exams.
First we will learn some basic Definition of utmost importance.
What is Argument ?
An argument is a sequance of two or more phrases, clauses, sentances or statements which includes a claim or conclusion. This conclusion can be arrive from more than two or two or single statement.
"आर्गुमेन्ट यानि कि logical पोइन्ट , जो कि statement मेन उपर directly or indirctly दिया रहेग "
First we will learn some basic Definition of utmost importance.
What is Argument ?
An argument is a sequance of two or more phrases, clauses, sentances or statements which includes a claim or conclusion. This conclusion can be arrive from more than two or two or single statement.
"आर्गुमेन्ट यानि कि logical पोइन्ट , जो कि statement मेन उपर directly or indirctly दिया रहेग "
RULES to Identifiy correct Assupmtion
Assuption is nothing but a hidden premise or conclusion based on statements
✔ Diffrencite beetwen the premises and conclusion
✔identify the Asumption made
✔Understand the logic of arguments
Some informal tips i.e Tricks✔ Arguments are fudamnets of logic
✔ You must be Aware of well established facts
✔ Read like a detective i.e read facts carefully
✔ Keep the Questons in your mind
✔ learn to identify key words i.e All , Always , May be, possibility
✔ Do not make Unwarranted Assumptions
Possibilty and May be type statement is implicit in most of the cases or in all cases excpet it is strictly barded in main sentence. ( मतल्ब ये है कि पोस्सिबिलइटइ और मय बे wala staement मोस्ट ओफ the time implicit hota hai.. like syllogism unless it is stricly barded in main sentaces )
Eg-Statement -All fruits Are not Apple
conclusion - All apples are fruit is a possibilty
(No statement is not implicit as it is direlctly barded in main sentence )Eg-
Statement -some fruits Are Apple
conclusion - All apples are fruit is a possibilty
(yes it could be a possibilty so conclusion is implicit)
Assuption is nothing but a hidden premise or conclusion based on statements
✔ Diffrencite beetwen the premises and conclusion
✔identify the Asumption made
✔Understand the logic of arguments
Some informal tips i.e Tricks✔ Arguments are fudamnets of logic
✔ You must be Aware of well established facts
✔ Read like a detective i.e read facts carefully
✔ Keep the Questons in your mind
✔ learn to identify key words i.e All , Always , May be, possibility
✔ Do not make Unwarranted Assumptions
Possibilty and May be type statement is implicit in most of the cases or in all cases excpet it is strictly barded in main sentence. ( मतल्ब ये है कि पोस्सिबिलइटइ और मय बे wala staement मोस्ट ओफ the time implicit hota hai.. like syllogism unless it is stricly barded in main sentaces )
Eg-Statement -All fruits Are not Apple
conclusion - All apples are fruit is a possibilty
(No statement is not implicit as it is direlctly barded in main sentence )Eg-
Statement -some fruits Are Apple
conclusion - All apples are fruit is a possibilty
(yes it could be a possibilty so conclusion is implicit)
You must be Aware of well established facts
What Do i ment from above statement ?
See Example BElow !
Question -
Statement - "LG the largest Selling name with largest range , Air-coditioner" An advertisement .
Assumptions- 1-LG air conditioner is only one with wide range.
2-people Will respond to advertisement.
Answer -->Lg have wide range but this doent mean only lg has largest range so statement 1 is not implicit.while statement 2 is implicit beacuse its well established fact people will respond to (read) advertisements
See Example BElow !
Question -
Statement - "LG the largest Selling name with largest range , Air-coditioner" An advertisement .
Assumptions- 1-LG air conditioner is only one with wide range.
2-people Will respond to advertisement.
Answer -->Lg have wide range but this doent mean only lg has largest range so statement 1 is not implicit.while statement 2 is implicit beacuse its well established fact people will respond to (read) advertisements
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""Implicit Assumptions are those which is some how inherited in main sentences. i.e it can be inferred from Question wala sentance "
You mAy say a built in statement which may or may not appear dirctly in sentence." Agar hum conclusion ko relate kar paaye statement se to conclusion implicit ho jaata hai else wo implicit nhi hoga.
(मुख्य senatnces में inherited rahe . यानी यह प्रश्न वाला sentance से अनुमान लगाया जा सकता है.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Example 2
Statement - "The girl is too clever to fail in exam" .
Assumptions- Very clever girl donot fail in exam.(Yes !! above statement is valid and implicit ; as its fact a clever girl do not fail , here clever word indirectly means the one who study donot fail)
Example 3
Statement - "Go by Aeroplane to reach banglore from Mumbai Quickly" .
Assumptions- 1 - Mumbai and banglore are connected by aeroplane services 2- There is no other route from banglore to mumbai
(it is clear that assumption one is implicit in the statement and assumption two is not implicit because we know there are many routes to reach banglore from Mumbai and its fact Quickest route must be by aeroplane )
""Implicit Assumptions are those which is some how inherited in main sentences. i.e it can be inferred from Question wala sentance "
You mAy say a built in statement which may or may not appear dirctly in sentence." Agar hum conclusion ko relate kar paaye statement se to conclusion implicit ho jaata hai else wo implicit nhi hoga.
(मुख्य senatnces में inherited rahe . यानी यह प्रश्न वाला sentance से अनुमान लगाया जा सकता है.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Example 2
Statement - "The girl is too clever to fail in exam" .
Assumptions- Very clever girl donot fail in exam.(Yes !! above statement is valid and implicit ; as its fact a clever girl do not fail , here clever word indirectly means the one who study donot fail)
Example 3
Statement - "Go by Aeroplane to reach banglore from Mumbai Quickly" .
Assumptions- 1 - Mumbai and banglore are connected by aeroplane services 2- There is no other route from banglore to mumbai
(it is clear that assumption one is implicit in the statement and assumption two is not implicit because we know there are many routes to reach banglore from Mumbai and its fact Quickest route must be by aeroplane )
When assumptions Are invalid ??
Type 1 -- Assumption can be outrightly rejected because they may be contrary to given staetment.
Type 2 -- if conclusion gives trival meaningType 3 --if conclusion is drawn from very far fetched long drawn conclusion
Type 2 -- if conclusion gives trival meaningType 3 --if conclusion is drawn from very far fetched long drawn conclusion
Type 1 [ Assumption can be outrightly rejected because they may be contrary to given staetment]Example 4
Statement - "use aluminium the versatile metal for packing" .- an advertisement
Assumptions- Aluiminum is only metal for packing
(Above statement is invalid because aluminium is not only metal use for packing though it is versatile)***IMPORTANT POINT -- Only Wala conclusion most of the times implicit nhi hota unlesss statement mein dirctly bola gya ho
Statement - "use aluminium the versatile metal for packing" .- an advertisement
Assumptions- Aluiminum is only metal for packing
(Above statement is invalid because aluminium is not only metal use for packing though it is versatile)***IMPORTANT POINT -- Only Wala conclusion most of the times implicit nhi hota unlesss statement mein dirctly bola gya ho
Type 2 [ if conclusion gives trival meaning ]Example 5
Statement - "Smoking is injurious to health" .- a notice
Assumptions- Non smoking promotes Health.
(Above statement is invalid because statement never says what to eat, a non smoker may be a liquor addict)
Statement - "Smoking is injurious to health" .- a notice
Assumptions- Non smoking promotes Health.
(Above statement is invalid because statement never says what to eat, a non smoker may be a liquor addict)
Type 3 [ if conclusion is drawn from very far fetched long drawn conclusion ]
Example 6
Statement - "Religious instruction leads to a curiosity for knowledge" so all teaching should be done in religious spirit
Assumptions- Curious person are good person(Above statement is invalid because inference is doesnot says curious person are always become good person)
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